Most blockchain databases use a Merkle–Patricia trie on top of a key–value store (like LevelDB or RocksDB). Such a design adds extra read lookups, slowing down the blockchain database as it grows. We refer to the extra lookups as the read amplification problem. SonicDB removes that extra layer of key-value stores by indexing the world state directly in binary files, avoiding the “read amplification” and improving the access time significantly.